A total of 20.9% of the Tiwi cohort were either homozygous or heterozygous for the rs12980275 variant allele in the IFNL3 gene leading to an unfavourable response to pegylated interferon-α (PEG-IFN-α) and ribavirin (RBV) therapy in the treatment of hepatitis C infection, requiring careful consideration of the possibility of side effects before initiating therapy (Muir et al., 2014) (Table1). This evidence concerns the gene IFNL3 and hepatitis C virus infection.