AHR and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Alterations in AhR expression by genetic or pharmacological approaches in various in vitro and in vivo NAFLD models have indicated that AhR activation is both beneficial or detrimental to the NAFLD pathology (Figure 1) based on various cellular, molecular, biochemical, and epigenetic factors including: (1) Structure and specificity of AhR ligands – which play a critical role in AhR binding to specific gene promoters and subsequent activation of signaling pathways [103].