Another RNA-seq profiling analysis that included 110 pairs of serial tumor biopsies collected before NAC, after the first treatment cycle, and at the time of surgery used CIBERSORT to reveal the relative fractions of ten immune cell types among tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, showing an increased abundance of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells induced by the first cycle of NAC (23). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.