In SLE mouse model NZBWF1, fish oil reduced expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the kidneys (3-5 fold), while high-oleic and corn oil diets had increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α (6- and 14-fold, respectively; 6- and 15-fold, respectively) Splenic osteopontin cytokine mRNA expression was attenuated in fish oil diets, while corn and high-oleic safflower diets showed a 7- to 8-fold increase. Here, TNF is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.