Accordingly, we conclude that the observed antitumorigenic effect of targeting TLRs or epithelial specific MyD88/IKKβ is mainly due to the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, and subsequent changes in the gradient of essential protumor versus anti-tumor cytokines as we and others have previously shown (8, 28, 33–35). This evidence concerns the gene IKBKB and neoplasm.