Li group treated the vascular dementia (VD) rats with rTMS (0.5 Hz, 1.33T) for 30 days and found that the rTMS treatment could remarkably enhance the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activities, and increase the density of cholinergic neurons (122). This evidence concerns the gene CHAT and vascular dementia.