INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In addition, the effects of T2D on ascending aortic diameter (AAoD) and descending aortic diameter (DAoD) were also investigated to validate the primary result, and the effects of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose (FG) and fasting insulin (FI) on TAA/AAoD/DAoD were also investigated to explore the effect of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance on thoracic aortic disease.