Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that serum levels of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A8/A9 were independently associated with the risk of cachexia [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.11 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.21; P = 0.014) per 1 ng/mL increase in serum S100A8, 1.10 (95% CI, 1.04–1.16; P = 0.001) per 1 ng/mL increase in serum S100A9, 1.04 (95% CI, 1.01–1.06; P = 0.009) per 1 μg/mL increase in serum S100A8/A9] (Table 4). The gene discussed is S100A9; the disease is Cachexia.