INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Using a combination of both previously identified instruments and novel genetic instruments for childhood and adulthood BMI that resulted from our continuous phenotypes, we assessed the causal relationships between BMI at different life stages and diabetes and related outcomes: type 2 diabetes, fasting insulin (FI) levels, fasting glucose (FG) levels, and several measures of insulin secretion and sensitivity based on oral and intravenous tests, using multivariable Mendelian randomisation [6].