CASP3 and neoplasm: A similar result was observed in the S1P-treated cohorts in which fXRT-only cohorts (10 Gy/5F, 12.9±2.8%; 20 Gy/5F, 10.1±0.82%) showed no significant elevations of caspase-3 staining detected compared to that of untreated (9.72±1.71%) and USMB-only (8.86±2.95%) tumours, indicating a protective effect (Fig. 2C).