LPA and atherosclerosis: In that study, those with either elevated Lp(a) (highest quintile) or a parental history of CVD had a higher risk of ASCVD and CHD, and those with both had the highest risk (ASCVD: HR =1.43; CHD: HR =1.68), as compared with participants with lower Lp(a) (quintile 1–4) and no parental history of CVD.