This influx of inflammatory immune cells into obese adipose tissue promotes the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), which contribute to the chronic inflammatory state (metaflammation) observed in obesity [13–19]. Here, TNF is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.