FOXO3 and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: However, FOXO family members can also promote tumorigenesis, and this can occur in a disease- and cell lineage-dependent manner, as observed in B-cell malignancies (107, 111) and in solid tumours; high expression of FOXO3 is associated with glioblastoma progression, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and poor survival rates in breast and colorectal cancers (CRC) (145).