However, FOXO family members can also promote tumorigenesis, and this can occur in a disease- and cell lineage-dependent manner, as observed in B-cell malignancies (107, 111) and in solid tumours; high expression of FOXO3 is associated with glioblastoma progression, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and poor survival rates in breast and colorectal cancers (CRC) (145). This evidence concerns the gene FOXO3 and glioblastoma.