VEGFA and cancer: For example, hypoxia affects the release of exosomes, thereby promoting the secretion of various pro-angiogenic factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin 1, and matrix metalloproteinase 9) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (9, 10), stimulating the proliferation and migration of cancer cells and regulating tumor angiogenesis.