Conversely, curcumin inhibits NF-κB activation; reduces downstream induction of ICAM-1, COX-2, and MCP-1; and decreases intrahepatic gene expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, of CD11b, of procollagen type I, and on the tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1, leading to the mitigation of the development and progression of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis (46). Here, NFKB1 is linked to inflammation.