However, after adjustment for age, BMI, physical activity, total energy intake, socioeconomic status, education, supplement intake, age of starting obesity, and history of weight loss, the mean of PAI-1, Gal-3, hs-CRP, and MCP-1 was lower in participants with higher DQI-I (p < 0.05; Table 3). Here, SERPINE1 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.