Genistein effects on pathological cardiac hypertrophy in mice model showed 7 weeks administration of genistein (40 mg/kg/day) significantly increased collagen volume fraction, cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes, up-regulated expression of beta-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) promoter, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), collagen Iα, fibronectin, collagen III, TGF-β1, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) [29]. This evidence concerns the gene NPPA and cardiac hypertrophy.