It has been demonstrated using analogous models that the human C-to-U base editors APOBEC3A and 3B will induce tumors in mice following overexpression in vivo, demonstrating that such systems will yield in vivo cancer if the overexpressed protein can function as an oncogene (93,94) (Durfee et al., bioRxiv 2023.02.24.529970). The gene discussed is APOBEC3A; the disease is cancer.