This mechanism involves binding of protein A to cell surface structures of P. aeruginosa and the release of SpA from the staphylococcal cell wall, an earlier described phenomenon that may even be linked to binding of protein A to tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) on lung epithelial cells thereby shaping staphylococcal pneumonia (Gomez et al., 2004; Becker et al., 2014; Armbruster et al., 2016). Here, TNFRSF1A is linked to staphylococcal pneumonia.