In addition, the expression of PAI-1 is abnormal in ovarian cancer, glioma, renal clear cell carcinoma and other tissues, and is related to the poor prognosis of patients (Liao et al., 2018; Peng et al., 2019; Vachher et al., 2020; Ahluwalia et al., 2021; Ma et al., 2021; Zhao et al., 2021). The gene discussed is SERPINE1; the disease is glioma.