SMAD2 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Mechanistically, miR-101 targets TGF-βR1 and Smad2 in HCC cells to attenuate TGF-β signaling while eliminating SDF1 signaling by inhibiting SDF1 expression in CAFs and suppressing VE-Cad expression in HCC cells, thereby blocking VM formation induced by CAFs (45).