In this study, to clinically explore the role of MOG-abs in the diagnosis and treatment of ADEM and evaluate its value in guiding treatments and predicting prognosis, we retrospectively compared the differences in demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, imaging findings, treatments, and prognosis between MOG-seropositive and MOG-seronegative pediatric patients with ADEM. Here, MOG is linked to acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.