Genetic screens for modifiers of the Ataxin3 mutant phenotypes led to the identification of several genes of the ubiquitin pathways, members of Hsp70/chaperone proteins, and potential regulators of RAN translation, a Repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation that generates toxic dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs) from pathological repeat RNA expansions hat do not contain the classical methionine start codon (Cleary et al., 2018), see also for C9orf72-ALS (Section 5.3.1). This evidence concerns the gene C9orf72 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.