IGFs also act as neurotrophic factors for the survival of motor neurons and have therapeutic effects in a mouse model for SOD1-ALS, and in the murine motoneurons NSC34 cells expressing mutant C9orf72-G4C2 (Kaspar et al., 2003; Stopford et al., 2017). The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.