And they revealed that the loss of fibrocystin encoded by PKHD1 triggers the proliferation of cholangiocytes through increased production of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and interleukin 8 (IL-8), moreover, IL-8 and CTGF levels were also significantly higher in the liver of patients with CHF which strongly indicated that CTGF and IL-8 will be novel therapeutic targets for the prevention of CHF (Tsunoda et al., 2019; Hasbaoui et al., 2021) (Supplementary Table S2). This evidence concerns the gene PKHD1 and congestive heart failure.