In addition, GH1-GHR (GH pathway), GP1BA-(ITGAM+ITGB2) (GP1BA pathway), MSTN-(TGFBR1+ACVR2B) (MSTN pathway), and WNT3A-(FZD1+LRP5) (WNT pathway) were disappeared in controls, indicating that its deficiency might be one of the underlying causes for the onset or deterioration of AMD. The gene discussed is GH1; the disease is age-related macular degeneration.