Patients with multiple subcortical ischemic lesions have been reported to exhibit higher PCr, ATP, and PCr/Pi, lower PME, and no differences in Pi or PDE in frontal cortex, and higher PCr, ATP, and PCr/Pi, lower Pi, and no difference in PME or PDE in temporo-parietal cortex when compared with AD patients and healthy controls (Brown et al., 1993). This evidence concerns the gene ALDH7A1 and Alzheimer disease.