In the present study, it was considered that hormone level fluctuations during the estrous cycle of female mice may interfere with the results of behavioral experiments (Wei et al., 2018; Zhou et al., 2020; Kim et al., 2022), the male C57BL/6J mice were used to investigate whether resveratrol can ameliorate maternal separation-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in adulthood, and, if so, whether the mechanism involves the inhibition of inflammation response through the modulation of the Sirt1/NF-κB signaling pathway. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and major depressive disorder.