Advanced age, higher BMI, diabetes, hypertension, lower preoperative serum albumin level, postoperative CK-MB, malignant liver lesion, bilateral subcostal incision, prolonged surgery, associated extrahepatic procedures, intraoperative hypotension, greater intraoperative infusion volume, blood loss, urine volume, intra- or postoperative blood transfusion and the ICU first day infusion volume were risk factors for PPCs. This evidence concerns the gene ALB and cancer.