SOCS3 and colorectal carcinoma: For example, higher SOCS3 expression levels are associated with a better clinical prognosis in breast cancer [22]; loss of SOCS3 function promotes abnormal cell proliferation and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal carcinoma [23, 24]; deleting SOCS3 disrupts the formation of the E3 ligase complex and drives integrin β1-mediated small-cell lung cancer metastasis [25].