The three MLH1 methylated EOCRCs each showed loss of MLH1/PMS2 protein expression by IHC, showed high levels of MLH1 methylation in their tumours (β = 0.34, 0.42, 0.67) and did not have the BRAF p.V600E mutation or CIMP-high (Table 2 and Additional file 3: Fig. S2). This evidence concerns the gene PMS2 and neoplasm.