The associations between current smoking and diabetes-related outcomes (FG and HbA1c) were significantly mediated by GrimEAA, DNAm-based smoking pack-years, DNAm PAI-1 levels, DunedinPACE, and PhenoEAA (only HbA1c) (FDR < 0.05, Table 4 and Fig. 2). Here, SERPINE1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.