In a cohort of patients with NSCLC (n = 34) on anti-PD-1 monotherapy, Kim et al. analyzed regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in peripheral blood [35] and found that compared with the frequency of either cell type alone, the difference in the TMR (Tregs to Lox-1 + PMN- MDSCs ratio) between Rs and NRs was greater (AUC 0.87) and PFS (P = 0.0079; median, 103 vs. 35 days) was considerably longer in patients whose TMRs were > 0.39. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.