TNF and cancer: Pathway enrichment analysis of the intersecting genes showed enrichment in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, TNF signaling pathway, PD-L1 expression, PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, IL17 signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and other KEGG pathways (Fig. 4D; Table 4).