INS and gestational diabetes: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis have revealed that specific minor alleles of nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within seven distinct genes, including rs7903146 (in TCF7L2), rs12255372 (in TCF7L2), rs1799884 (-30G/A, in GCK), and rs5219 (E23K, in KCNJ11), which play pivotal roles in regulating insulin secretion, are significantly associated with an elevated risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) [36].