Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), IL-6, IL-11, IL-12 and IL-15, tumor necrosis factor β (TNFβ) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)46,49–53 are all altered in the CSF or blood of FTD patients. This evidence concerns the gene LTA and frontotemporal dementia.