Furthermore, the frequency of CD69−IFN-γ+TNF-α+, CD69−IFN-γ−TNF-α+ and CD69−IFN-γ+TNF-α− CD4+ T cells were higher during acute infection compared to the convalescent stage in children with rotavirus-negative diarrhoea (p = 0.0102, p = 0.0157 and p = 0.0346, respectively) (Fig. 4C). Here, TNF is linked to Diarrhea.