VCAM1 and lymphedema: The genes such as “GJC2, HGF, and MET” and “IL1A, IL4, IL6, IL10, IL13, VEGFC, NFKB2, LCP-2, NRP-2, SYK, VCAM1, FOXC2, KDR, FLT4, and RORC” were mainly involved in the progression of lymphedema.159–163 For instance, mutations occurring in the GJC2 could induce alterations in amino acids in connexin 47, which is associated with lymphedema.164 Several single nucleotide polymorphisms are reported to be confined to the coding regions of genes pertinent to lymphedema development and progression.165,166