Among the frequently mutated genes (>5%), the mutation frequencies of APC (85.8%), TP53 (64.9%), and KRAS (46.7%) were the highest in the C1 subtype compared to the other subtypes (all p-value <0.05), followed by the C3, C2, and C4 subtypes, which are closely associated with the occurrence of CRC (Figure 3A, Supplementary file 2a). This evidence concerns the gene KRAS and colorectal carcinoma.