SOD2 and renal fibrosis: By activating the HIF-1/VEGFA/VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) signaling pathway and inducing the expression of the endogenous antioxidant superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) after unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury, the antianemic drug FG4592 significantly reduced renal fibrosis and improved renal angiogenesis (35).