GSDMD and infection: In contrast, F. novicida-infected wild-type BMDMs produced very high levels of IFN-β in a STING-dependent manner, and these levels remained significantly elevated in Aim2−/− BMDMs at 12 and 24 post-infection (Figures 2A,B) and in immortalized Gsdmd−/− BMDMs 24 h post-infection (Figure 2C).