Th1/Th17 balance has been shown to be associated with prognosis in patients with CRC, and one study found that Th17 cells produced a higher proportion of Th1 and Th17 cells as well as the cytokines IL-17A, IL-22, and IL-23A when fed stool from patients with CRC in regular mice (92, 93). Here, IL23A is linked to colorectal carcinoma.