In addition, scholars have found that the level of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)/RANK levels at the maternal-fetal interface were abnormally decreased in patients with miscarriage, and RANKL receptor activator, secreted by trophoblasts and DSCs, could polarize dMφ toward a M2 phenotype (41). The gene discussed is TNFRSF11A; the disease is spontaneous abortion.