ALB and vitamin deficiency: Our observation that 17% and 48% of patients had vitamin deficiency and insufficiency, respectively, is consistent with previous estimates in patients with active IBD and almost double that compared of healthy controls.3–5 Moreover, our model of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration confirmed independent associations with baseline sampling during non-summer months, South Asian ethnicity, lower serum albumin concentrations, and nontreatment with vitamin D supplementation further validates our findings against clinical outcome.