TNF and Alzheimer disease: The effect of Exos-miR-147a mimics on angiogenesis during AD progression was also analyzed, and the result of tube formation assay revealed that Exos-miR-NC treatment reversed the promoting effect of TNF-α/IFN-γ stimulation on the angiogenesis of HUVECs, and it was also found that Exos-miR-147a mimics-treated HUVEC angiogenesis was reduced relative to Exos-miR-NC-treated cells (Fig. 5I).