ESCC is one of the most aggressive types of squamous cell carcinoma and patients with ESCC have a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options.34 RPS15 has recently been reported as a new driver gene in aggressive and chemo-refractory cancer cases.11,35,36 However, its role in ESCC remains unknown. The gene discussed is RPS15; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.