However, in a separate exploratory analysis in the SCHS cohort, whose participants are of Han-Chinese descent, we found two proteins, RFNG and S100A4, associated with lung cancer risk (p < 0.05/effective-number-of-tests), despite showing little evidence for an association among participants of European, US, or Australian cohorts (Supplementary Fig. 10). Here, RFNG is linked to lung carcinoma.