CEACAM5 and lung cancer: A majority of proteins (23 out of 36) showed stronger odds ratios for late-stage compared with early-stage (stage 1–2) lung cancer, but a clear difference (p-heterogeneity [phet] < 0.05) was only apparent for two proteins (CXL17 and CEACAM5) (Supplementary Data 7, Supplementary Fig. 4).