More remarkably, CCDC3 has been linked to human pathological disorders, such as atherosclerosis (Kobayashi et al., 2022), inflammation (Azad et al., 2014), obesity (Ugi et al., 2014), and cancer (Multani et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2019; Ke et al., 2022; Li et al., 2023a). This evidence concerns the gene CCDC3 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.