IL1B and primary biliary cholangitis: Moreover, primary human cholangiocytes treated with cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-17) or TLRs-related PAMPs [Pam3CSK4, poly(I:C) and LPS] can attract periductal Langerhans cells (Langerin+ periductal cells) via secreting the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) to activate PAMPs-sensing TLRs, thereby regulating biliary innate immune response in PBC (73).