PTEN and cancer: Protein tyrosine phosphatase Src homology region 2‐containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) mutations in the Src homologous domain of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family exist in most tumor cells and are closely associated with cancer development and poor prognosis of cancer patients214, 215 by activating several proliferative signaling pathways for cancer occurrence.216