Once intestinal LPS reaches the liver, activated KCs express various inflammatory cytokines, such as NLRP3, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-10, IL-18, and others, contributing to the progression of NASH (Yu et al., 2017; Elchaninov et al., 2019; Ferro et al., 2020). Here, TBCE is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.